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“We can now use this new receptor to design broad-acting drugs that can block viral infection or even suppress lung fibrosis,” Neely said.

Covid-19 can lead to lung fibrosis, and the finding may have implications for long Covid. They also found LRRC15 is also expressed in fibroblast cells, the cells that control lung fibrosis, a disease which causes damaged and scarred lung tissue. “The fact that there’s this natural immune receptor that we didn’t know about, that’s lining our lungs and blocks and controls virus – that’s crazy interesting.” “Our data suggests that higher levels of LRRC15 would result in people having less severe disease,” Neely said. We predict there is more of this protein in survivors versus those that died of Covid.”Ī separate study from London that examined blood samples for LRRC15 found the protein in the blood was lower in patients with severe covid compared to patients that had mild Covid, supporting this theory. “But we couldn’t look at the lungs of patients that survived Covid as lung biopsy is not something that is easy to do on live people.

“When we look at lungs from patients that died of Covid there is much of this protein,” Neely said.

It appears to be part of a new immune barrier that helps protect from serious Covid-19 infection while activating the body’s antiviral response.ĭespite those patients who died from Covid-19 producing LRRC15, the researchers believe not enough was produced to be protective, or it was produced too late to help. LRRC15 is not present in humans until Sars-CoV-2 enters the body. “We then used lungs from patients that died of Covid or other illnesses and found the serious Covid patients had tons of this LRRC15 in their lungs.” Sign up for Guardian Australia’s free morning and afternoon email newsletters for your daily news roundup “This let us find this new receptor protein, LRRC15,” Neely said. The spike protein is crucial to the virus’s ability to infect human cells. This was done using the genetic engineering tool known as Crispr, which allowed them to turn on all genes in the human genome, then look to see which of those genes give human cells the ability to bind to the Sars-CoV-2 spike protein.

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